This version
http://openlib.org/acmes/root/docu/redif_1_2008-12-06.html
This stable version
http://openlib.org/acmes/root/docu/redif_1.html
It may be reproduced without the permission of the maintainer. You are encouraged to distribute it to your friends and colleagues. We hope that the collection of data that are encoded using ReDIF will also be widely distributed. Get in touch with the maintainer if wish to use ReDIF. Working together is more fun and more productive than working on your own.
Note that examples in this document are mostly fictitious. All similarity with the real world should be understood as a coincidence.
This specification describes version 1 of the Research Documents Information Format (ReDIF). ReDIF version 1 will be referred to as ReDIF throughout. ReDIF is a metadata format to describe the output aspects of academic disciplines. But that we mean the scientific documents that are produced, the channels through which they are made public, the authors who produce the documents and the editors who control the output channels, etc as well as the institutions that support this process. ReDIF does not aim at a very elaborate description of these items. Its overriding design goal is simplicity. It is aimed primarily for the use by academics as a self-documentation tool. The idea is that if academics can make a better documentation of their work themselves, then the need for expensive intermediation between academics is reduced. ReDIF is supposed to be understood and deployed by people with no formal cataloging training.
ReDIF is shipped with software--written in Perl--that allows to read
and validate ReDIF data. This software is available at http://openlib.org/acmes/root/soft/ReDIF-Perl.
For example, any date has to be of the form
yyyy-mm-dd. 1999-07 is a valid date, whereas
Juillet 1999 is not a valid date. Therefore ReDIF is well
suited for the decentralized maintenance of metadata. The validating
software will make sure that only data that are syntactically correct
will be passed on to user services. When subsequent versions will
extend the capabilities of version 1 the data of version 1 will still
be able to be understood by processing software that will implement
future versions.
ReDIF is a relational metadata format. Each record has an identifier, also called a "handle". Elements in one record may use the identifier of another record. This allows elements to refer to other elements. A simple example should be sufficient. An author may have written several papers. She would like to have her email available within the data for each paper. But if the email address changes, there are changes required to all the records for all papers that the author has written. That is cumbersome. Instead, it is better to group all the personal data into one record, and use the handle of that record whenever personal data is required. The email address then only needs to be changed at one place. ReDIF explicitly allows for that.
In order to implement this handle structure, some human effort is required. This effort is being carried out by a group of people that we refer to as the "authority" in the following. RePEc is a well-know authority that uses ReDIF.
ReDIF allows to describe things in the world that are important to the work of an academic discipline. We will use the word "items" to refer to any such things. ReDIF allows to catalogue three classes of items. First there are resources. A resource is either a digital string of information or anything that can be digitized. A book for example may not be digital but can be digitized, and therefore it is a resource. A second group of items are tangibles. These are objects of descriptions that can not be digitized. A person for example falls into that category. Finally, there are collections. These are manifolds that have a mixed nature that makes it difficult to decide whether they are tangibles or resources. In the following table, we list the items, the version of the ReDIF template that describes it, a description of the item, and finally the class of the item.
| item name | version | concern | class |
| ReDIF-Paper | 1.0 | a research report that is not formally published | resource |
| ReDIF-Article | 1.0 | a research report in a scientific journal | resource |
| ReDIF-Chapter | 1.0 | a research report in a book | resource |
| ReDIF-Book | 1.0 | a book | resource |
| ReDIF-Software | 1.0 | an executable software or a software script | resource |
| ReDIF-Archive | 1.0 | describes a archive where templates are stored | collection |
| ReDIF-Series | 1.0 | describes a series of templates of the items above, e.g. a scientific journal | collection |
| ReDIF-Institution | 1.0 | an institution, e.g. a research center | tangible |
| ReDIF-Person | 1.0 | a person, who could be an author of a paper, editor of a journal etc. | tangible |
ReDIF splits all the information concerning an item into a set of data elements. By "data element" we mean an elementary piece of information that we do not wish to split further. The whole set of data elements that describe an item forms the bibliographic record or "template" of this item. "Field" are is a synonym for a "data element". We use in the following.
The ReDIF templates aim to compromise between human and machine readability. The general syntax for a field is
field_name: field value
where field_name would for example be
Author-Workplace-Phone and field value would be
+44 (0)1483 876958. Of course we could split the
telephone number into an international dialing code, a city code and a
local code, but that would go beyond what our data is actually needed
for. The field name must be separated from the field value by a colon
and optional whitespace. By a whitespace we mean a space character or
a tabulation character or
a newline character or a carriage return character
or any combination of those.
Field names may contain only alphanumeric characters, the hyphen
- and the hash sign #. No embedded spaces
are allowed. Field names are case insensitive. Any field that starts
with X- is considered to be local. The parsing software
will read it but make no checks on the values.
Any field value may be continued (or even started) on the next line by adding a whitespace at the beginning of the continuing line. This is best practice as a general rule.
Here is the detail. Multi-line field values
are delimited by the first line which starts with a string of
characters without blanks that is ending in the colon character
:. Thus an error will occor if a field name
that is know to ReDIF appears at the beginning of the
line. Example
Abstract: This paper is very complicated. It contains three parts: one dealing with input, the next with output and the third with throughput.
will lead to a parsing error because "parts" is not a field name known to ReDIF. To put this example right, it is suffient to write
Abstract: This paper is very complicated. It contains three parts: one dealing with input, the next with output and the third with throughput.
but it is best to consistently indenent every continuing line
Abstract: This paper is very complicated. It contains three parts: one dealing with input, the next with output and the third with throughput.
The default character set for ReDIF is Windows-1252. This is a a superset of the ISO-8859-1 (also known as Latin1) character set available on non-Windows systems.
ReDIF files can also be encoded in UTF-8 which allows the use of characters not available in Windows-1252 or ISO-8859-1. This is recommended practice. When you encode a ReDIF file in UTF-8, you have to include the UTF-8 byte order mark at the beginning of the file. Most text editors will do this automatically for you.
Lines in a ReDIF file that start with '#' are used for comments.
Many fields may be repeated within one record, but repetitions are discouraged and for some fields they are prohibited. But for example, here is a person who works in two places
Author-Name: Sturm, J.F.
Author-Workplace-Name: Erasmus University Rotterdam,
Econometric Institute
Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Economic Policy Research
The general principle is that all fields may appear in any order within the template. However there are two important exceptions to this rule.
First, every ReDIF templates must start with the Template-type: field. The value of this field indicates what type of resource will be described by this template. Therefore, the set of expected fields in the template itself depends on that value. The values for the template type are given in Subsection 2.1. The version number must be quoted after the template type. The version number will make it easier to implement changes to ReDIF. At the moment all template types are in version 1.0. For an example
Template-Type: ReDIF-Archive 1.0
Any data that does not start with a correct Template-Type: declaration will be ignored.
The second restriction of the freedom to group fields is necessary to express that certain pieces of information have to be kept together. Consider the case of a paper that has been co-authored by several people.
Author-Name: Smith, Adam Author-Name: Ricardo, David Author-Email: Ricardo@classical.econ.org Author-Email: Adam.Smith@classical.econ.org Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Classical Economics
Looking at this data you can easily find out that Smith's email
address is Adam.Smith@classical.econ.org and that he
probably works for the Institute of Classical Economics as Ricardo
does. But computer is not able to find that out. We have to order the
fields in such a way that the computer can understand which email
address corresponds to which person. For each person, the name and the
email address have to be kept together. There are other instances
where we have to keep some fields in a group. We call such a group of
fields a cluster.
A cluster of fields is a group of fields within a template that belong together. Clusters are in fact like small templates within templates. For example, if we have a template of type "ReDIF-Paper 1.0" that describes a paper with several authors. It would contain several person clusters, one cluster for each author. If a document is available online, there should be one or several clusters with information about the files of the document--the main body of the text, a dataset that is used etc--as available on the Internet.
Each type of clusters has it's own field structure. Like templates, clusters must always start with one particular field, called the "key" field. Each cluster type has it's own key field. You should always keep one cluster's fields together.
Here is a simple cluster of type "Person" which describes an author
Author-Name: Smith, Joe Author-Email: JoeSmith@some.uni.edu Author-Postal: PO Box 123, Smith Street, Somewhere In The, Universe, 987654 Author-Phone: +99 456-321123 Author-Homepage: http://www.some.where.edu/~JoeSmith
Here is a cluster of type "Organization" describing a provider of a series of papers:
Provider-Name: Central Publishing House Provider-Phone: +44-(0)207 226 7063 Provider-Homepage: http://www.central-publish.net
Clusters can be nested. For example, you can put an organization cluster to describe the organization an author is affiliated with, within the cluster of this particular author. Here we have an author who works at two institutions
Author-Name: Maria Saguvosky Author-Workplace-Name: The New York Institute of Blasphemy Author-Workplace-Homepage: http://www.new-york.blasphemy.org Author-Workplace-Name: The New Jersey Institute for Blasphemic Research
Within this document, when we want to show you that you can use some cluster in a template, we will use a syntax like Author-(PERSON*), Provider-(ORGANIZATION*), File-(FILE*) etc. Thus the clusters below in this document often join a field prefix, e.g. "Author-", with a cluster type name, e.g. "PERSON", , and a star sign, between parenthesis.
When writing clusters you should always remember to put the key field first. For example, if you write
Template-Type: ReDIF-Book 1.0 Title: The Capital Author-Email: K.Marx@highgate.london.uk Author-Name: Marx, Karl Author-Phone: ...
the Author-Email: field is not recognized, because at that point the Author-(PERSON*) cluster has not yet started. This will result in an error message or in your template being ignored. But the Author-Name: field that follows will start the cluster, because "Name" is the key field of the PERSON cluster. Hence the Author-Phone: field will be correctly processed.
This is all you need to know about clusters in general. We now address the specifics of the different cluster types.
The ORGANIZATION cluster is defined by the following fields:
Name is the key field of the organization cluster. It should always be put first. Otherwise the most useful item is the homepage. Much of the remaining information can be derived from the homepage. It should be supplied if the homepage information is missing or the data at the homepage is not specific enough.
Here is an example of the organization cluster use to describe the provider of a working paper series.
Provider-Name: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Provider-Homepage: http://www.bog.frb.fed.us/ Provider-Email: feds_papers@frb.gov
If a ReDIF institution template is available, then a better way to write to describe this institution is
Provider-Name: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Provider-Institution: RePEc:edi:frbgvus
In that case, the data of the institution template is used to describe the institution. It is then no longer necessary to give any further details about the institution within the template. The advantage of this representation is that when there is a change in the data for the institution, it is no longer necessary to update the data for the institution within each ORGANIZATION cluster within each PERSON cluster of every author who has written a paper when affiliated with that institution.
The PERSON cluster is used to describe a person. It has the following fields
Name is the key field of the person cluster. It should always be put first.
If a ReDIF person template for a person is available, then there is easy way to describe a person. This is done through the person template. For example
Author-Name: Thomas Krichel Author-Person: RePEc:per:1965-06-05:thomas_krichel
There is also another type of handle for persons that is commonly used the RePEc project, the short-id. The short-id can be used as a substitute value in the Author-Person field. For example
Author-Name: Thomas Krichel Author-Person: pkr1
Now all the information about the person, including the workplace data, is read from the person handle. No further information about the person needs to be entered.
The FILE cluster is used to describe a file that contains the resource that is being described, or a part of it. It is defined by the following fields:
These fields of the FILE cluster are not self-descriptive as the fields of the previous clusters. We describe each of the fields in more detail.
URL: This is the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the file on the Internet. The URL identifies an access protocol and a code that this protocol can use to retrieve the resource. Please refer to RFC1783 when composing a URL. Any whitespace in the URL will be ignored. Following RFC1783 any whitespace that follows a dash character "-" is considered to be a mistake, because it is likely to have been introduced by word processing software. The URL can be written over several lines, but do not break it after a dash.
File-URL: http://www.hhs.se/research/wpecofi/papers/wp0121.pdf.zip File-URL: ftp://crefe.dse.uqam.ca/pub/cahiers/cah44.ps
This is the key field of the file cluster. It should always be put first.
Format: This is a an optional field to give a
precise indication about the type of format that is found in the
field. The Format: field is not repeatable and is case-insensitive.
The contents of this field (all valid values) is restricted by a
controlled vocabulary, the MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
types. These types are specified in the RFC1521. The complete
and up-to-date list of these types is maintained by the IANA. We
do not support any values for file format that are not listed
there. If you want to convey information about a type that is not
registered here, please contact the IANA. The most important MIME
types that are used with ReDIF data are application/pdf
and application/postscript, as well
text/html. If you simply want to give a message to the
user about the file, it is best to use the Function: field.
Function: This is the function of the file. It should be used when a file represents only some part of the whole resource. The field value may indicate what particular part of the document is represented by the file. Here are three examples
File-Function: Appendix 1
File-Function: Main text
File-Function: Fortran program used for the simulations reported in the paper
If the file is a complete rendering of the resource, the
File-Function field should not be used at all. When we
have different files with no file function, user services should
assume that all are alternative renderings of the complete text.
Size: The file size, by default in kilobytes. This is an optional and obsolete field. It is not repeatable. Examples
File-Size: 48 ... File-Size: 1788984 bytes
Restriction: A restriction on the retrieval of a file. If the file can be retrieved by anybody with Internet access without any preliminary payment or registration, you should not use that field at all. As soon as there is a restriction on the file many services will be assuming that there is no public access to the file. Some user services may wish to display only non-restricted files and your file will not appear there. If all files of a document are restricted, please use the field Restriction: in the template of the resource, rather than repeating it for each file of the resource.
Version: This field permits to express the version of the resource in the file. This field use controlled vocabulary of three values
preprintTwo examples for a complete file cluster
File-URL: http://rich.com/papers/d_duck.txt File-Format: text/plain File-Function: Abstract File-URL: http://rich.com/papers/d_duck.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-Function: Main text File-Size: 13982 bytes
This cluster is used to specify where else a version of the document was published. This is mainly of interest in the context of a document in an institutional archive.
It is defined by the following fields:
The collection templates describe archives and series. We list the fields for these templates by order of importance, the most important is put first.
The archive template provides information about how the bibliographic data in the archive can be mirrored (the URL field) and gives contact information for the archive (the Maintainer-Email field).
Template-type: ReDIF-Archive 1.0
Each archive template must start with this statement.
Handle: This is a mandatory field for the archive
handle. The handle of the archive is the name of the authority (for
example RePEc), a : and then the
archive_code. The archive code is proposed by the archive
administrator and awarded by the authority. It should not have
semantic contents.
URL: This is a mandatory field for the archive directory. The URL should either point to a http or ftp site. It is to good practice to have it end with the archive code. This element is repeatable, but reading software may ignore all but the first value that occurs in a template.
Maintainer-Email: This is mandatory field for the email of somebody in charge of the archive. It is very important to keep it this field up-to-date. In particular, it is preferable not to use a personal email address of an employee that may move on later. It is best to give a general address of the sponsor of the archive. Make sure that the mail is read there and transmitted to the person who really maintains the archive.
Name: This is a mandatory field for the name of the archive. Even though this name is mandatory, the contents is not usually shown to end-users. If you want to describe your contents in some detail, use the series templates.
Maintainer-Name: This is an optional field for the name of a person who is in charge of the archive.
Maintainer-Phone: This is an optional field for the phone number of a person in charge of the archive.
Maintainer-Fax: This is an optional field for the fax number of a person in charge of the archive.
Classification-scheme: This is an optional field for subject information for the archive. Consult the same field in the ReDIF-Paper template and Appendix A for description.
Homepage: This is optional field for the URL of the archive's homepage. This should point to a location that an end user may be interested in.
Description: This is an optional field for a description of the archive's contents.
Notification: This is an optional field that may be used to specify how new papers in the archive are announced.
Restriction: This is an optional field to specify access restriction. It should be handle with care. A restriction mentioned here applies to all files referred to in all resources of all series in the archive. If the series can be retrieved by anybody with Internet access, you should not use that field at all. If not all of the series that make up the archive are restricted, mention the restriction only in the series templates of the restricted series.
Here we have two examples for the archive templates
Template-type: ReDIF-Archive 1.0 Handle: RePEc:bob Name: Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL Maintainer-Email: bparks@wueconaa.wustl.edu URL: ftp://econwpa.wustl.edu/bob Template-type: ReDIF-Archive 1.0 Handle: RePEc:wop Name: WoPEc Project Maintainer-Email: WoP_Ec@netec.mcc.ac.uk Description: This archive collects information about holding of papers on those sites that have not (yet) joined RePEc. URL: ftp://netec.mcc.ac.uk/pub/NetEc/RePEc/wop
The series template provides information about a logical or physical collect of items, for example a working paper series or a peer-reviewed journal. The bibliographic information provided here is directly relevant for end users. In particular the Name field (the name of the working paper series or journal), the Provider-Name (who supports or 'publishes' the working paper series or journal) and Provider-Homepage field (where to find more information) are useful.
Template-type: ReDIF-Series 1.0
Each series template must start with this statement.
Name: This is a mandatory field for the name of the series.
Handle: This is a mandatory field. The handle is a unique identifier for the series. It is based on the handle for the archive holding the data about the series. It consists of the archive handle followed by a colon (:) and a six-character series code. The series code must be unique within the archive. It can contain the letters a-z and the numbers 0-9.
Maintainer-Email: This is a mandatory field for the email address of a person who is in charge of the series' files but not necessarily of its contents. The maintainer should be ready to receive error reports. As with the archive maintainer's email, a personal address should be avoided.
Type: Each series may only contain one type of templates. This rule is called "Baum's principle". The Type: field is used to indicate the type. The default type is "ReDIF-Paper". If the type of the elements of the series is "ReDIF-Paper", then this field does not need to be specified. Other legal series types are "ReDIF-Software", "ReDIF-Article", "ReDIF-Chapter" and "ReDIF-Book".
Order-Email: This is an optional field for the email address where to send ordering requests to.
Order-Homepage: This is an optional field for the URL of a screen where orders can be placed.
Order-Postal: Snail mail address where to order the paper.
Price: Price for all papers in the series when ordered. It an be overwritten by a separate Price: field in the paper
Provider-(ORGANIZATION*): This is the organization that supports the series. The provider is a more general term than the usual term "publisher". If you have a handle for your institution, please use the Provider-Institution: field after the Provider-Name: field.
Restriction: A restriction on the retrieval of all papers in the series. It has the same meaning as in a FILE cluster. It implies that all the files of all the documents in that particular series have this restriction.
Maintainer-Phone: This is an optional field for the phone number of the person in charge of the series
Maintainer-Fax: This is as optional field for the fax number of some person in charge of the series
Maintainer-Name: This is an optional field for the name of a person that is in charge of the files contained in the series.
Description: This can be a short description of the series' content.
Classification-scheme: This is an optional field for a subject for the series according to scheme scheme. Consult the same field in description of the paper template and Appendix A for description.
Keywords[-]: This is an optional field for keywords for the series according to scheme scheme. Consult the same field in the Paper template and Appendix A for description.
Editor-(PERSON*): This is the person responsible for the contents of the series.
Notification: This is an optional field to say how how new papers in the series are announced.
ISSN: This is the International Standard Serial Number for the series, if available.
Followup: This is an optional field that takes the value of another series' handle. That series is the successor of the series.
Predecessor: This is an optional field that takes the value of another series' handle. That series is the predecessor of the series.
Here are two examples for series templates.
Template-type: ReDIF-Series 1.0 Name: Computational Economics Description: This is a series for economists who are computer nerds. You can not get more of an anorak than that. Maintainer-Name: Bob Parks Maintainer-Email: robert_ parks@wuecona.wustl.edu Handle: RePEc:bob:wuwpco Template-type: ReDIF-Series 1.0 Name: Departmental Working Papers Provider-Name: East Carolina University, Department of Economics Provider-Homepage: http://ecuvax.cis.ecu.edu/~ecrothma/wp.htm Maintainer-Email: ecrothma@ecuvaax.cis.ecu.edu Handle: RePEc:wop:eakjkl
This template concerns all documents that are not published as part of a journal or as part of a book or as a book. We will be a bit more verbose here than in Section 5.2 where we describe other templates.
We will list here the elements of the paper template in decreasing order of importance. We start with those elements that are really necessary. We then list those element that are optional but important. Finally, we turn to those elements that are not important.
Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Each paper template must start with this statement.
Title: The title of the paper. This includes any subtitles. This is a required field. Use:
Title: A Theory of Gradual Trade Liberalisation
Author-(PERSON*): This is a required cluster field to describe the person(s) who has authored the document, i.e. who is responsible for its intellectual content. We recommend the name of the author should be given in normalized format like "Lastname, Firstname" but the direct order is also acceptable. Please add the full first names if you know them, but omit titles, honors etc. If there are several authors, there should be a separate cluster for each author. The special author name "et al" should be used when referring to a list of unknown other names. If you know the authors' names, put all authors names. This implies repeating a (PERSON*) cluster for every author. These other authors should be placed in separate author clusters.
The Author-(PERSON*) field is mandatory. That means that you should give at least one Author-Name: field with some value in each ReDIF-Paper template. Other information about the author is optional. Please do not overload the templates with author information. If you want to give elaborate personal information, register the person with a personal registration service. Use:
Author-Name: Lang, William Author-Email: wlang@lsumm.sncc.lsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Economic Performance Author-Name: Sturm, J.F. Author-Workplace-Name: Erasmus University Rotterdam, Econometric Institute Author-Workplace-Postal: P.O. Box 1738, NL- 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Author-Workplace-Homepage: http://www.eur.nl/few/ei/indexuk.html Author-Workplace-Email: eb-webmistress@few.eur.nl Author-Homepage: http://www.eur.nl/few/ei/stu.html
Handle: This is a required field to identify the
bibliographic record. The Handle: field content starts with the name
of the authority (organization), for example RePEc. The
next element is the code of the archive, then follows the code of the
series and finally the number of the paper within the series. All
these parts are separated separated by the colon character,
i.e. :. Note that this field may not contain
whitespace. If the Handle is written over several lines, the
processing software will eliminate the whitespace characters on the
line boundaries. Use:
Handle: RePEc:bon:bonnsf:a452
Language: This field gives the language used in the paper. The language must be expressed as one of the values on ISO 639-1. Other codes are not available. If the languge is omitted, it is assumed to take the value "en". Example:
Language: fr
Contact-Email: This field gives a contact email address for the paper. This does not need to be one of the authors' email address. In some cases where the author does not wish her email to be in the paper information or when no author email is available, this field should be used. Use:
Contact-Email: Economics_Secretariat@hicks.gross-uni.yy
Abstract: This is the abstract of the document. Although we do not require to have an abstract, but we strongly recommend to provide a detailed abstract, because it increases the chance of users finding your document within a full-text database. If you have a long abstract that has several paragraphs, you can leave a blank line. Use:
Abstract: This is the first paragraph of the abstract. This is the second paragraph of the abstract.
However, please recall that it is a good practice to indent every line that follows the first line with at least one blank.
File-(FILE*): A file cluster for a component of the paper. If the paper is contained in only one file, then quote the URL for that file. If the paper is available in various files, the file cluster should be repeated. If there are files that do not contain the full text of the paper, the File-Function: field should be used to specify the role of the file in the document. Under no circumstances should the File-(FILE*) cluster be used to link to an intermediate page where the files can be retrieved from via further hyperlinks. Use Order-URL: for this purpose.
Classification-scheme: This is the classification number associated with the document. The scheme is a code for a classification scheme. If there are several classification numbers of the same classification scheme, they will be separated by a semicolon. This field is not repeatable, unless there are multiple schemes used. Allowed (registered) classification schemes and codes are listed in the Appendix A. If you have documents, classified with some other scheme, just email us your suggestion, and we will register your scheme. Use:
Classification-JEL: C12; C30
Keywords[-scheme]: These are keywords associated with the text. If there are several keywords they will be separated by a semicolon. scheme is the keywords scheme's code but it can also be empty, to say that the keywords do not follow a scheme. Keywords: should be used in that case. If you have some keywords scheme, we will register it for you. Use:
Keywords: Competition; Consumer economics; Ethics; Philosophy of economics Keywords: Accounting theory; Accounting principles; Financial accounting
Number: The number of the paper within the series. This field is not repeatable.
Creation-Date: The date at which the original
document was created. The format should be as similar to the ISO
8601:1988 Data elements and interchange formats--Information
interchange--Representation of dates and times as possible. This
is yyyy[-mm[-dd]]
where yyyy is the year, mm is the month and
dd is the day, and the square brackets indicate that the
element is optional. Note that the field should only contain the date
of the creation, no other information. This field is not
repeatable. Use:
Creation-Date: 1995-06-30
or
Creation-Date: 1996
Revision-Date: A date at which the document was changed. The format for the value of that field is the same as in Creation-Date:. This field may be repeated.
Revision-Date: 1995-06-30
Publication-Status: This can be used to say if a modified version of the document exists, has been forthcoming, etc. in a commercial journal, book or other type of formal publication. It should always start with the word "published" or the word "forthcoming" (case insensitive). Use:
Publication-Status: Forthcoming in Computational Statistics and Data Publication-Status: Published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, Vol.3 Publication-Status: Published in American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1995, vol. 77, no. 1. pp. 120-134. Publication-Status: Published by University of Arizona Press
Note: Any other information that is relevant for the document. This can be its relation to other documents, a word or two about the history of the document etc. Use:
Note: This was an invited paper to a special issue of the Noddyland Journal of Blasphemy
Length: The length of a printed version of the document, usually in pages. This field is not repeatable. Use:
Length: 29 pages
Series: This is the series in which the document appeared. It should be the same of the Name field in the series template. Thus this information is redundant. But you can put it here again. This field is not repeatable.
Availability: This field can be used to state if a paper is out of print. If the paper is on the net it should not be used. It can also be used to say how the get hold of the copy of the paper. This field is not repeatable. The use of this field is deprecated. It is allowed for backwards compatibility. Use:
Availability: out of print
Order-URL: This is the URL of an intermediate page where there is ordering information about the file. The term "ordering information" should be taken in the widest possible sense. For example, web page with a set of links to various manifestation of the paper is a good candidate for an Order-URL:. Note that the URL should be specific to the paper. If all the papers in the series have the same ordering URLs then that information should be put in the series template.
Article-Handle, Book-Handle, Chapter-Handle, Paper-Handle, Software-Handle: These take values of handles of other publication forms of the paper.
The following elements are not important. They have been introduced to integrate legacy data into ReDIF-based system.
Restriction: A restriction on the retrieval of a paper. This is similar to the field of the same name in the File cluster. If the paper can be retrieved by anybody with Internet access, you should not use that field at all. Please do not use the field to make recommendations of the type "please use outside working hours", since as soon as there is a restriction on a paper many services will be assuming that there is no public access to it. If not all of the files that make up the paper are restricted, mention the restriction only in the FILE cluster of the restricted file. The use of this field is deprecated. It is allowed for backwards compatibility.
Price: That refers to the price of a printed copy of the document, when ordered through the ordering channels specified in the series template. Use:
Price: $3.00 Surface, $4.00 Air (U.S. $) Price: 15 guilders by mail, free by ftp
For the price of an electronic copy, use the Restriction: field.
Notification: to specify how new versions of the paper are announced. The use of this field is deprecated. It is allowed for backwards compatibility.
Publication-Type: This field can be used to specify the type of publication of the document. The ReDIF-paper template should be used to describe any document that is not formally published. This includes working papers, but also documents of all types that are deposited in an institutional repository and hence for which the holding institution can not be labelled as the formal publisher (in the restrictive sense of the word). Examples of these are postprint versions of articles, author versions of book chapters or conference contributions. This field permits to distinguish between these different types of documents. Allowed values for this field are listed in the Appendix B.
Here are four examples of ReDIF templates of type "ReDIF-Paper 1.0". This is a simple document available only in PostScript format.
Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Currie Author-Name: Paul Levine Author-Email: p.l.levine@surrey.ac.uk Author-Name: Joeseph Pearlman Author-Name: Michael Chui Title: Phases of Imitation and Innovation in a North-South Endogenous Growth Model Abstract: In this paper, we develop a North-South endogenous growth model to examine three phases of development in the South: imitation of Northern products, imitation and innovation and finally, innovation only. In particular, the model has the features of catching up (and potentially overtaking) which are of particular relevance to the Pacific Rim economies. We show that the possible equilibria depend on cross-country assimilation effects and the ease of imitation. We then apply the model to analyze the impact of R&D subsidies. There are some clear global policy implications which emerge from our analysis. Firstly, because subsidies to Southern innovation benefit the North as well, it is beneficial to the North to pay for some of these subsidies. Secondly, because the ability of the South to assimilate Northern knowledge and innovate depends on Southern skills levels, the consequent spillover benefits on growth make the subsidizing of Southern education by the North particularly attractive. Length: 26 pages Creation-Date: 1996-07 File-URL: ftp://ftp.surrey.ac.uk/pub/econ/WorkingPapers/surrec9602.ps File-Format: Application/postscript Handle: RePEc:sur:surrec:9602
This is an example of a document from the banking structure conference 1994 at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Although there is no published working paper series of that kind, we have created a imaginary series with code "fedhbs". The document is available as PostScript in two parts, or as a zipped PostScript file. Since there is no MIME type for the zipped files, we have left out the File-Function: field.
Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph P.Huges
Author-Name: William Lang
Author-Name: Loretta J. Mester
Author-Name: Choon-Geol Moon
Title: Recovering Technologies That Account for Generalized
Managerial Preferences: An Application to Non-Risk-
Neutral Banks
File-URL: ftp://test.frbchi.org/pub/bsc/doc13a.ps
File-Format: Application/PostScript
File-Function: Main Text
File-URL: ftp://test.frbchi.org/pub/bsc/doc13b.ps
File-Format: Application/PostScript
File-Function: Chart
File-URL: ftp://test.frbchi.org/pub/bsc/doc13ps.zip
File-Function: Archive of Main text and chart
Handle: RePEc:wop:fedhbs:_013
Note that only Author-Name, Title and the Handle are mandatory in a template. It is however highly recommended that you should also give a Creation-Date, Abstract, Classification and/or Keywords.
Here is an example article of which both a postprint and an exact copy of the publisher version are available in an institutional repository. Metadata about this publication needs to be delivered as follows
Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Title: Productivity Spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan Manufacturing Sector Author-Name: Kokko, Ari Author-Workplace-Name: Dept. of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics Author-Workplace-Postal: Stockholm School of Economics, P.O. Box 6501, 113 83 Stockholm, Sweden Author-Name: Tansini, Ruben Author-Name: Zejan, Mario Author-Workplace-Name: Dept. of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics Author-Workplace-Postal: Stockholm School of Economics, P.O. Box 6501, 113 83 Stockholm, Sweden PublishedAs-Type: article PublishedAs-Journal: Journal of Development Studies PublishedAs-Pages: 602-611 X-PublishedAs-Volume: 32 PublishedAs-Year: 1996 File-URL: http://ir.univa.info/pub/2013/19262/1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-Version: authorVersion File-URL:http://ir.univa.info/pub/2013/19262/2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-Version: publishedVersion Handle: RePEc:univa:ir:2013/19262
Here is an example for a book chapter of which a postprint version is available in an institutional repository.
Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Title: Modelling Economic Relationships with Smooth Transition Regressions Author-Name: Teräsvirta, Timo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic Statistics Author-Workplace-Postal: Stockholm School of Economics, Box 6501, 113 83 Stockholm, Sweden PublishedAs-Type: bookPart PublishedAs-Book-Title: Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics PublishedAs-Editor-Name: Giles, D.E.A. PublishedAs-Editor-Name: Ullah, A. PublishedAs-Provider-Name: Dekker Publication-Status: Forthcoming File-URL: http://ir.univa.info/pub/2013/15683/1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf File-Version: authorVersion Paper-Handle: RePEc:hhs:hastef:0131 Handle: RePEc:univa:ir:2013/15683
In this Subsection, we look at templates that describe other forms of scientific documents.
An article is something that appeared in a journal or is forthcoming in a journal. This is a template for such publications.
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
The template must start with this field.
Handle: Handle of journal article. This is a required field. It is of the same form as the handle of the paper template. As far as the series identifier is concerned, only series of articles are admissible here. Note that a journal is a nothing else than a series of articles. It therefore has a series code like a paper series. It can be referred to as a "journal code" in casual language, but the reader should keep in mind that as far as the structure of ReDIF is concerned the journal is nothing else than a series.
The component of the handle that describes an individual article is up to the maintainer of the data. All that is required is that it is unique within the journal series. Appendix C documents a scheme that is used a lot within RePEc.
The usual location information of an article is very useful to its citation. ReDIF fields that accomplish these are listed here. None of these fields is repeatable. They are fields that are specific to the article template, i.e. they do not appear in the paper template.
Journal: This is the journal in which the paper appeared. It should be the same of the Name field in the series template. Thus this information is redundant. But you can put it here again. This field is not repeatable.
Volume: The volume number that the article appeared in.
Year: Year of publication of the article.
Issue: The number or name of the issue in which the article appeared.
Month: The month where the journal issue where the article is appeared in.
Pages: The pages of the article in the journal in
the form start-end, where
start is the number of the first page and end is the
number of the last page.
Number: The number of the article within the journal. This field is not repeatable and indicates a number that has been given to a electronic article without page numbers.
Article-Handle, Book-Handle, Chapter-Handle, Paper-Handle, Software-Handle: These take values of handles of other publication forms of the article.
Other fields are like the paper template except that the following are not valid: Availability:, Length:, Revision-Date: and Series:.
Example:
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Productivity Spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan Manufacturing Sector Author-Name: Kokko, Ari Author-Workplace-Name: Dept. of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics Author-Workplace-Postal: Stockholm School of Economics, P.O. Box 6501, 113 83 Stockholm, Sweden Author-Name: Tansini, Ruben Author-Name: Zejan, Mario Author-Workplace-Name: Dept. of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics Author-Workplace-Postal: Stockholm School of Economics, P.O. Box 6501, 113 83 Stockholm, Sweden Journal: Journal of Development Studies Pages: 602-611 Volume: 32 Year: 1996 Publication-Status: Published Handle: RePEc:jou:devstu:v:32:y:1996:i:Q1:p:602-611
What happens if you wish to provide data about the formal publication, i.e., within a journal, of a paper for which you have ReDIF-Paper information. This is called Sune's problem. The basic status is that it is not possible for you to provide information about an article that you have published in a journal. It is for the journal or some agent of the journal to provide that information, because all the information about all the articles has to be kept together in once directory. However, you can give the Article handle, and a ReDIF literate individual should be able to find the information.
Template-Type: ReDIF-Software 1.0
The template must start with this field.
Handle: This a required field. It uses the same syntax as the handle in the ReDIF-paper template.
Title: Name of the software, required, non-repeatable.
Programming-Language: This is a controlled vocabulary identifier for the language used. At the moment the only allowed value are "c", "c++", "dos executable", "executable", "fortran", "gauss", "gretl", "java", "mathematica", "matlab", "octave", "ox", "perl", "python", "r", "rats", "shazam", "s-plus", "stata", "tsp international". The term "executable" may be used for directly executable files. All these identifiers are case insensitive. This is a required field. This field is unique to the software template.
File-(FILE*): File cluster for a component file of the software.
Author-(PERSON*): Person cluster for each author, at least one cluster is required, see the paper template for guidance.
Abstract: Abstract to describe the principal function of the software.
Number: The number of the software. This is an optional field. It ought to be equal to the unique component of the handle.
Version: The version number of the software.
Classification-scheme: This is an optional field for subject information for the software. Consult the same field in the ReDIF-Paper template and Appendix A for description.
Keywords: Keywords for the software.
Size: Size of software, usually the number of lines of code. This optional field is unique to the software template.
Series: This is just a generic indication of what type of software it is.
Creation-Date, Revision-Date: as used is in the ReDIF-paper template.
Note: Any additional information.
Requires: indicates that a certain package version, compiler, or operating environment is needed. This optional field is unique to the software template.
Article-Handle, Book-Handle, Chapter-Handle, Paper-Handle, Software-Handle: These take values of handles of other publication forms of the software.
Example:
Template-Type: ReDIF-Software 1.0 Title: MKSTRSN: Stata modules to format Social Security number variables Author-Name: William Gould Author-WorkPlace-Name: Stata Corporation Author-WorkPlace-Postal: Stata Corporation, 702 University Drive East, College Station, Texas 77840 USA Author-Email: w_gould@stata.com Programming-Language: Stata Abstract: mkstrsn and mkdashsn make string variables (without and with dashes,respectively) from a nine-digit variable containing a Social Security number. The commands have the syntax mkstrsn newvar oldvar and mkdashsn newvar oldvar. Series: Statistical Software Components Number: S328601 Creation-Date: 19971212 Length: 39 lines Classification-JEL: C87 File-URL: ftp://ftp.bc.edu/pub/user/baum/statal/mkstrsn.ado File-Format: text/plain File-Function: program code File-URL: ftp://ftp.bc.edu/pub/user/baum/statal/mkdashsn.ado File-Format: text/plain File-Function: program code Handle: RePEc:boc:bocode:S328601
5.2.3. The ReDIF-book Template
The book template is for providing data about single or jointly authored books as well as edited volumes. The book templates must be in a series with ReDIF-Book as the type.
Template-Type: ReDIF-Book 1.0
The template must start with this field.
Title: Title of book, required, non-repeatable
Handle: This a required field. It uses the same syntax as the handle in the ReDIF-paper template.
Author-(PERSON*): Authors of the book. Use a person cluster for each author. At least one cluster is required if there is no Editor-(PERSON*) cluster. See the paper template for guidance.
Provider-(ORGANIZATION*): Organization cluster for the provider. This is a required. The provider is a more general term for the publisher of a book.
Contact-Email: This field gives a contact email address for the book.
Year: Year of publication, required for published books, non-repeatable.
Month: Month of publication, non-repeatable.
Volume: Volume in multi-volume works, non-repeatable
Edition: 2nd, 3rd etc., non-repeatable.
Series: If the book is part of a series, non-repeatable. Use:
Series: Springer Lecture Notes in Mathematics, volume 234
Editor-(PERSON*): Editor of the book. Use a person cluster for each editor. At least one cluster is required if there is no Author-(PERSON*) cluster. See the paper template for guidance.
ISBN: ISBN of the book, non-repeatable.
Publication-Status: One of "Published" or "Forthcoming", non-repeatable. "Published" is assumed if field is not present.
Note: Any additional information
Abstract: Abstract.
Classification-scheme: same as for the ReDIF-paper template
Keywords[-scheme]: same as for the ReDIF-paper template.
HasChapter: If bibliographic data on the chapter in a book (for example an edited volume) is available in a separate series of chapters (for technical reasons data on chapters must be provided separate from data on books) this data can be linked to the book by adding one HasChapter field for each chapter.
Price: Price information for the book.
File-(FILE*): A file cluster for a component of the book. If the book is contained in only one file, then quote the URL for that file. If the paper is available in various files, the file cluster should be repeated. If there are files that do not contain the full text of the book, the File-Function: field should be used to specify the role of the file in the book. Under no circumstances should the File-(FILE*) cluster be used to link to an intermediate page where the files can be retrieved from via further hyperlinks. Use Order-URL: for this purpose.
Order-URL: This is the URL of an intermediate page where there is ordering information about the book. The term "ordering information" should be taken in the widest possible sense. For example, web page with a set of links to various manifestation of the book is a good candidate for an Order-URL:. Note that the URL should be specific to the book. If all the papers in the series have the same ordering URLs then that information should be put in the series template.
Number: This is an optional field for the number of the book in a series of books.
Creation-Date: The date at which the original book was written. The format should be as similar to the ISO
8601:1988 Data elements and interchange formats--Information
interchange--Representation of dates and times as possible. This
is yyyy[-mm[-dd]]
where yyyy is the year, mm is the month and
dd is the day, and the square brackets indicate that the
element is optional. Note that the field should only contain the date
of the creation, no other information. This field is not
repeatable. Use:
Creation-Date: 1999-06
or
Creation-Date: 1996
Publication-Date: The date at which the original book was published. The format is the same as in Creation-Date This field is not repeatable.
Article-Handle, Book-Handle, Chapter-Handle, Paper-Handle, Software-Handle: These take values of handles of other publication forms of the book.
This template is for chapters with individual authors in a collection of papers. Examples are papers published in conference proceedings, reprint volumes and Festschrifts.
Many of the fields in the Chapter template can be derived from a linked book template: Editor cluster, provider/sponsor cluster, year, month, volume, edition, series, ISBN, publication-status and can be left out when this is present in the book template.
Template-Type: ReDIF-Chapter 1.0
The template must start with this field.
Handle: This a required field. It uses the same syntax as the handle in the paper template.
Title: Title of chapter, required, non-repeatable.
Author-(PERSON*): Person cluster for each author, at least one cluster is required, see the paper template for guidance.
Contact-Email: This field gives a contact email address for the chapter.
Abstract: Abstract of the chapter.
Classification-scheme: non-repeatable
Keywords[-scheme]: non-repeatable
Provider-(ORGANIZATION*): Organization cluster for Provider. This is general field that covers both the publisher of a book as well as the organizer of a conference for conference proceedings.
Book-Title: Title of book where the chapter was published , non-repeatable. This field is redundant if the book information is available.
Editor-(PERSON*): Editor cluster for each editor of the book where the chapter was published. This field is redundant if the book information is available.
Year: Year of publication, for published chapters, non-repeatable. This field is redundant if the book information is available.
Month: Month of publication, non-repeatable. This field is redundant if the book information is available.
Pages: Pages that the chapter occupies in the book, non-repeatable.
Chapter: The number of the chapter in the volume, non-repeatable.
Volume: For multi-volume works, this says in which volume the chapter was published, non-repeatable.
Edition: 2nd, 3rd etc, non-repeatable. This field is redundant if the book information is available.non-repeatable.
Series: Series that the book, where the chapter was published, is part of, non-repeatable. This field is redundant if the book information is available.
ISBN: ISBN of the book, non-repeatable. This field is redundant if the book information is available.
Publication-Status: One of 'Published' or 'Forthcoming', non-repeatable. Published is assumed if field is not present.
Note: Any additional information.
In-Book: Handle of the book that the chapter appeared in. This is the reverse of the HasChapter field in the ReDIF-Chapter template.
File-(FILE*): A file cluster for a component of the chapter. If the chapter is contained in only one file, then quote the URL for that file. If the paper is available in various files, the file cluster should be repeated. If there are files that do not contain the full text of the chapter, the File-Function: field should be used to specify the role of the file in the document. Under no circumstances should the File-(FILE*) cluster be used to link to an intermediate page where the files can be retrieved from via further hyperlinks. Use Order-URL for this purpose.
Order-URL: This is the URL of an intermediate page where there is ordering information about the chapter. The term "ordering information" should be taken in the widest possible sense. For example, web page with a set of links to various manifestation of the paper is a good candidate for an Order-URL. Note that the URL should be specific to the chapter. If all the papers in the series have the same ordering URLs then that information should be put in the series template.
Article-Handle, Book-Handle, Chapter-Handle, Paper-Handle, Software-Handle: These take values of handles of other publication forms of the chapter.
Example:
Template-Type: ReDIF-Chapter 1.0 Title: Modelling Economic Relationships with Smooth Transition Regressions Author-Name: Teräsvirta, Timo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic Statistics Author-Workplace-Postal: Stockholm School of Economics, Box 6501, 113 83 Stockholm, Sweden Book-Title: Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics Editor-Name: Giles, D.E.A. Editor-Name: Ullah, A. Provider-Name: Dekker Publication-Status: Forthcoming Paper-Handle: RePEc:hhs:hastef:0131 Handle: RePEc:hhs:haschp:chp0131
Template-Type: ReDIF-Person 1.0
The template must start with this field.
Handle: The handle of the person template. This is a mandatory field of the form
authority:archive_identifier:
yyyy-mm-dd:namestring
where authority is the code of the authority,
archive_identifier is the identifier of the archive,
yyyy, mm, dd form a year, month and day of
the month of a valid date. This date is called the significant date of
the person. It is recommended to use the birthday, but any other date
in the lifetime of the person is also admissible. Finally
namestring is a name string that should resemble the person's
name. Blanks is the name are replaced by the underscore character
_.
Name-Full: The full name of the person. This field is mandatory.
Name-First: The first name of the person. This is useful when searching for the person's name in unstructured name data.
Name-Last: The first name of the person. This is useful when searching for the person's name in unstructured name data.
Name-Prefix: The prefix of the name, such as Mr, Very Reverend etc. This is optional.
Name-Middle: The middle name, ofter given as an initial. Use the full middle name or middle names here. This is an optional field.
Name-Suffix: The name suffix such as "Jr.", "III" etc. Use the abbreviated form as you wish to have it appear an a normal name screen. This is an optional field.
Name-ASCII: This is an form of the name that only uses ASCII characters. We recommend you adding this variation in case that the name does contain non-ASCII characters. This is an optional field.
Email: The email of the person.
Homepage: The URL of the homepage.
Fax, Postal, Phone, Workplace-(ORGANIZATION*), are allowed and take the same meaning as in the person cluster.
Workplace-Organization: takes the handle of the organization that the person is affiliated with.
Author-Paper, Author-Article, Author-Software, Editor-Series, Author-Book, Editor-Book, and Author-Chapter: These fields say that the person is the author or editor of a paper, article or software, etc The value of these fields must be the handle of a valid template.
Classification-scheme: A subject classification code for the academic area that the person is working in, according to the scheme scheme.
Short-Id: This is the short-id, an alternative form of identification as developed by the ACIS software. This field is not repeatable.
Last-Login-Date: This field contains the most recent date at which the user logged in. This field is used by the ACIS software. This field is not repeatable.
Registered-Date: This field contains the date the user registered. This field is used by the ACIS software. This field is not repeatable.
This template concerns information about institutions. This information can be used in the other templates by a call to the appropriate institution handle.
Template-Type: ReDIF-Institution 1.0
Every record must start with this field.
Handle: This has to be a 7 letter handle, the last two characters being the ISO 3166 country codes (us for the United States, ea foe associations and societies). This is a required field.. Examples:
Handle: RePEc:edi:imfffus Handle: RePEc:edi:mofgvzm Handle: RePEc:fmg:fmlseuk
Primary-(ORGANIZATION*): The main organization.
Secondary-(ORGANIZATION*): The second level of the organisation, of example a department.
Tertiary-(ORGANIZATION*): The third level of the organisation, for example a group within a department.
Quaternary-(ORGANIZATION*): The fourth level of the organisation, for example a sub-lab in a lab.
Examples for the leveling of organizations are: "University of London/London School of Economics Financial Markets Group", or "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis / Research Department", "Government of Zambia / Ministry of Finance". These three clusters are organized like the (ORGANIZATION*) cluster. An example for a complete organization cluster is:
Primary-Name: Université des Grands Espoirs Primary-Name-English: University of Grand Hopes Primary-Location: Panava-les-Flots Secondary-Name: Departement d'Économie Secondary-Name-English: Department of Economics Secondary-Email: eco@uge.edu Secondary-Homepage:http://www.eco.uge.edu/ Secondary-Phone: (+567)3466356
Primary-Defunct, Secondary-Defunct, Tertiary-Defunct: These fields take handles of former values of organizational elements.
An example for a complete record is:
Template-Type: ReDIF-Institution 1.0 Primary-Name: Government of Bahrain Primary-Location: Manama Secondary-Name: Bahrain Monetary Agency Secondary-Homepage: http://www.bma.gov.bh/ Handle: RePEc:edi:bmagvbh
RePEc only handles the JEL classification scheme. It is however, possible to use other schemes with ReDIF, and work in the past has done just that.
Classification-ACM-1964: The classification scheme used by the Association for Computing Machinery, in its version of 1964. Several codes may be given separated by colon, semi-colon or blanks.
Classification-ACM-1991: The classification scheme used by the Association for Computing Machinery, in its version of 1991. Several codes may be given separated by colon, semi-colon or blanks.
Classification-ACM-1998: The classification scheme used by the Association for Computing Machinery, in its version of 1998. Several codes may be given separated by colon, semi-colon or blanks.
Classification-Ila: The classification scheme proposed in the NASA TechReport TM-1998-208955.
Classification-JEL: The classification system of Journal of Economic Literature. It's usually used to classify economics texts. For more info see http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/elclasjn.html. Several code may be given separated by colon, semi-colon or blanks.
Classification-MSC-1991: The Mathematics classification scheme devised by the American Mathematical Society, in its version of 1991. Several codes may be given separated by colon, semi-colon or blanks.
Classification-MSC-2000: The Mathematics classification scheme devised by the American Mathematical Society, in its version of 2000. Several codes may be given separated by colon, semi-colon or blanks.
Attent: This is a thesaurus (list of controlled keywords) which is used for the database "Attent: Research Memoranda". This database, as well as the thesaurus, is produced and maintained by Tilburg University Library. "Attent: Research Memoranda" only includes Economics working papers. The thesaurus includes economic and mathematical keywords. For further details contact Corry Stuyts <C.Stuyts at kub nl>.
journal article
book
book chapter
working paper: for working papers and discussion papers
conference paper
report: for government reports and other final research report
other: for other publications
All values are case insensitive.
This appendix is a suggestion on how to generate article handles. These suggestions have been taken up by the RePEc project.
The article code in the unique identifier of a single article
within a journal. We suggest that it is a concatenation of qualifiers,
separated by the colon character :. Each qualifier is an
field:value pair. The field is
represented by one letter only. This is best understood by an example.
RePEc:xxx:joinec:v:19:y:1985:i:2:Q:1:p:67-84
The qualifiers currently defined are the following. We list a name for
the qualifier, the letter of the qualifier, a description of values
and a perl regular expression that that can be used to verify the
syntax of the qualifier, as well as an optional additional check. All
regular expressions are case insensitive.
Name: volume
Letter: v
Value: any sequence of digits
RegEx: v:[1-9][0-9]*
Name: issue
Letter: i
Value: any sequence of digits
RegEx: i:[1-9][0-9]*
Name: year
Letter: y
Value: any sequence of four digits
RegEx: y:([1-9][0-9]{3})
Check: warn if $1 is higher then current year or earlier than 1500
Name: pages
Value: number of page where article starts - number of page where the
article ends
RegEx: p:S*([1-9][0-9]*)-S*([1-9][0-9]*)
Check: $1 should be smaller than $2
Here the S stands for "supplement", just in case that the
paper has not been published in the main issue.
Name: issue
Value: which issue within the year. If the issue is a month, then
we give the English three letter start of the month: JAN, FEB
MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, DEC. The numbers of the
months are also allowed here, but that is discouraged. If the issue is a
quarter, we use Q1, Q2 etc. If the issue has a start
date, put that date like 04-01 for 1 April. Note that you need
to put the - separator here because the date is otherwise mistaken
to be the number of the issue.There is no need to put an end date
for this issue. You can repeat the issue qualifier
if the physical issue covers several logical issues. SPE can be
added to say it is a special editions, and S can be
postponed for a supplement.
RegEx: i:(($months\d*)($season[S]*)(Q[1234])(\d+)(\d\d-\d\d))
where
$month="(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)"
and
$season="(spr|sum|aut|win|spe)"
Some fields have been valid in an earlier version of this specification. They are still considered valid by the ReDIF-Perl software. However, the use of such deprecated fields is discouraged.
Publisher-(ORGANIZATION*): This is a deprecated synonym for Provider-(ORGANIZATION*) in the ReDIF-Series, ReDIF-Book and ReDIF-Chapter templates.